The big difference between Christian heaven and Pure Land which 親鸞(しんらん, Shinran) preached is that even sinners(culprits) can go to Pure Land. More over, bad person can go there easier than good person.
Shinran said everyone can go to Pure Land so long as saying "南無阿弥陀仏(Namu-amidabutsu)". Namu is Nama in sanskrit and it means "lean on". "Amidabutu" means Amitabha. It is a buddha that it has endless life span and the buddha is exhaustless lights which illuminates every hand.
親鸞(しんらん, Shinran) is a founder of 浄土真宗(Jyoudo-shin-shu). It is a sect of pure land buddhism. Today, more than 10 million Japanese are belonging to his sects. Because the influence was so big, in Edo era, Shogun divided the sect into two sects. One is called "West", The other is called "East".
Shinran's teacher was 法然(ほうねん, Hounen). He is a founder of 浄土宗(Jyoudo-shu). This is also a sect of pure land buddhism. This sect also has, as I recall, about 6 million believers. There are other Pure Land Buddhism sects too. I suppose one sixth of Japanese belongs to Pure Land Buddhism. And this figure is just formal one.
Shinran was born in Kyoto in 1173(war-torn era).He became a monk of Tendai-Buddhism when he was a child. He performed the ascetic practices and read all Buddhist for a long time, but he couldn't get enlightenment. He visited Hounen who was higher-ranked Tendai-Buddhism's monk. And he said "I can't get enlightenment however I make an effort." to Hounen. Hounen replied "Oh, you too? Actually, me too.". Before long, Shinran became a student of Hounen, and Shinran studied Hounen's thought.
The thought of Pure Land Buddhism had been imported by Tendai-Buddhism. And it is studied by many Tendai-monks. It is said Pure Land Buddhism started in central Asia. It is also said it was affected by Zoroastrianism but there is no firm evidence. It is also studied in China but it was not became any sect. Hounen is the founder the world's first.
It was a major incident that preaching that we can go to pure land so long as saying Namu-amiabutu. Naturally, Tendan monks and other sect's monks criticized Shinran. Because it meant there is no need to perform the ascetic practices, and seems to meant Shinran say yes to crime because he said bad person can go there easier than good person.
But Shinran, who was a kind of straight-A student of Tendai-Buddhism, thought he can't get enlightenment by traditional ways. He thought about himself that he is a really born idiot. He didn't think he can get enlightenment by by his own ability. As for crime, he believed firmly criminals can go to pure land because of strong anxiety and thirst for pure land. Amitabha's exhaustless lights illuminates every hand, it must be rescues even criminals from this world.
I think many books say that Pure Land Buddhism was established by Tendai monks. But it is a bit different from academic truth. Now it is said that Hounen is also affected by pure land buddhism of Todai-ji temple. Todai-ji temple is a temple of 華厳仏教(Kegon Buddhism). Some monks of Kegon Buddhism were also study about Pure land Buddhism and they explained the rationale for Pure Land Buddhism. Hounen and Shinran had a relationship with them and they established their own thought. Today, researchers are studying about this relation. This is nowadays hot topic in Buddhism study.
In the early days, I can't understand, but I found that Pure Land Buddhism and Zen buddhism are very similar as researchers can't explain the difference clearly. Perhaps, I think these are same but difference is born depending on point of view. That is, when we see Buddhist wisdom from view point of our own, Zen buddhism can be established. When we see it from view point of outer world, pure land buddhism can be established. Zen monks practice because they walk the road. Shinran's Pure land buddhists only say Namu-Amidabutsu because they are waiting to be illuminated by lights of Buddha. Aught, no one can exist as an mere actor.
Christian God is totally different from Amitabha. In the ultimate sense, God is creator of this world but Amitabha is the world. In Meiji(1868-1912) era, there are some people who were converted to Christian faith from Pure Land Buddhism because they thought Pure Land Buddhism and Christian faith are similar and Christian faith is superior to Pure Land Buddhism. I don't talk about relative merits but the conclusion was a bit too hasty from view point of nowadays. I said Pure Land Buddhism has relation with Kegon Buddhism. That talked about the Buddhist World is Kegon Buddhism. (Kegon Buddhism is also a logical basis of Zen Buddhism. Rather it is famous as Zen's basis. ) Therefore, we should walk about Japanese Pure Land Buddhism as a extensive form of Kegon Buddhism too. I suppose Zen and Pure Land buddhism are a kind of "brother".
As for Kegon Buddhism, to put simply, its thought is from Taishaku's net and śūnya and Yoga buddhism. Please refer to my other blogs, Japanese Fall, Red Leaves Falling, 帝釈網(Taishakumou), śūnya etc.
Accurately, Shinran seems didn't think he established a sect. It seems just he is regarded as the founder. About misstep of the sect is that they don't foster many researchers, I think. Nowadays monks of his sect don't know much about their own thought. Just they perform ceremonies. As to ground of that we can go to pure land with us saying Namuamidabutsu is written on Buddhist text.
I wanted to talk about Shinran more, because he is very important person. But I will talk about him again on other topics.
Hmm, I have no idea what I do today. Maybe I'll take a nap.
It is a photo of Byoudouin Houou-dou, in Kyoto, established in 1053. It is called also as Amitabha-hall. Houou means Phoenix.